Aiohow.org is Media search engine and does not host any files, No media files are indexed hosted cached or stored on our server, They are located on soundcloud and Youtube, We only help you to search the link source to the other server. Aiohow.org is not responsible for third party website content.

Free Download Prithviraj Chauhan Star Plus Full Mp3 Songs TV Serials Full Song from DailyMaza.mobi.

It is illegal for you to distribute copyrighted files without permission. The media files you download with aiohow.org must be for time shifting, personal, private, non commercial use only and remove the files after listening. If one of this file is your intelectual property (copyright infringement) or child pornography / immature sounds, please or email to info[at]aiohow.org to us.

1166 CE Died 1192 CE Issue Prithviraja III Father Mother Karpuradevi Prithvirāja III (reign. 1178–1192 CE ), popularly known as Prithviraj Chauhan or Rai Pithora in the folk legends, was an Indian king from the (Chauhan) dynasty. He ruled Sapadalaksha, the traditional Chahamana territory, in present-day north-western India. He controlled much of the present-day,, and; and some parts of and. His capital was located at Ajayameru (modern ), although the medieval folk legends describe him as the king of India's political centre Delhi to portray him as a representative of the pre-Islamic Indian power. Early in his career, Prithviraj achieved military successes against several neighbouring Hindu kingdoms, most notably against the king.

He also repulsed the early invasions by, a ruler of the Muslim dynasty. However, in 1192 CE, the Ghurids decisively defeated Prithviraj at the. His defeat at Tarain is seen as a landmark event in the, and has been described in several semi-legendary accounts, most notably the.

Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Background [ ] Sources of information [ ] The extant inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign are few in number, and were not issued by the king himself. Much of the information about him comes from the medieval legendary chronicles. Besides the Muslim accounts of, he has been mentioned in several medieval s (epic poems) by Hindu and Jain authors. These include, and. These texts contain eulogistic descriptions, and are therefore, not entirely reliable. Prithviraja Vijaya is the only surviving literary text from the reign of Prithviraj Chauhan. Prithviraj Raso, which popularized Prithviraj as a great king, is purported to be written by the king's court poet.

However, it is full of exaggerated accounts many of which are worthless for the purposes of history. Other chronicles and texts that mention Prithviraj include Prabandha-Chintamani, and. These were composed centuries after his death, and contain exaggerations and anecdotes. Both Prabandha-Chintamani and Prithviraja-Prabandha portray Prithviraj as an inept and unworthy king who was responsible for his own downfall.

Prithviraj has also been mentioned in -, a Sanskrit text containing biographies of the Kharatara monks. While the work was completed in 1336 CE, the part that mentions Prithviraj was written around 1250 CE. The (or Alha Raso) of the poet Jaganika also provides an exaggerated account of Prithviraj's war against the Chandelas.

Birth [ ] Prithviraj was born to the king and queen Karpuradevi. Both Prithviraj and his younger brother were born in, where their father Someshvara was brought up at the court by his maternal relatives. According to Prithviraja Vijaya, Prithviraj was born on the 12th day of the. The text does not mention the year of his birth, but provides some of the at the time of his birth, calling them auspicious.

Based on these positions and assuming certain other planetary positions, calculated the year of Prithviraj's birth as 1166 CE (1223 ). Education [ ] The medieval biographies of Prithviraj suggest that he was educated well. The Prithviraja Vijaya states that he mastered 6 languages; the Prithviraj Raso claims that he learned 14 languages, which appears to be an exaggeration. The Raso goes on to claim that he became well-versed in a number of subjects, including history, mathematics, medicine, military, painting, philosophy (), and theology. Both the texts state that he was particularly proficient in. Coronation [ ] Prithviraj Chauhan moved from Gujarat to Ajmer, when his father Someshvara was crowned the Chahamana king after the death of. Someshvara died in 1177 CE (1234 ), when Prithviraj was around 11 years old.

The last inscription from Someshvara's reign and the first inscription from Prithviraj's reign are both dated to this year. Prithviraj, who was a minor at the time, ascended the throne with his mother as the.

The Hammira Mahakavya claims that Someshvara himself installed Prithviraj on the throne, and then. However, this is doubtful. Early reign [ ] During his early years as the king, Prithviraj's mother managed the administration, assisted by a regency council.

Kadambavasa served as the chief minister of the kingdom during this period. He is also known as Kaimasa, Kaimash or Kaimbasa in the folk legends, which describe him as an able administrator and soldier devoted to the young king.

Prithviraja Vijaya states that he was responsible for all the military victories during the early years of Prithviraj's reign. According to two different legends, Kadambavasa was later killed by Prithviraj. The Prithviraja-Raso claims that Prithviraj killed the minister after finding him in the apartment of the king's favourite concubine Karnati. Prithviraja-Prabandha claims that a man named Pratapa-Simha conspired against the minister, and convinced Prithviraj that the minister was responsible for the repeated Muslim invasions.

Both these claims appear to be historically inaccurate, as the much more historically reliable Prithviraja Vijaya does not mention any such incident. Bhuvanaikamalla, the paternal uncle of Prithviraj's mother, was another important minister during this time. According to Prithviraja Vijaya, he was a valiant general who served Prithviraj as serves. The text also states that he was 'proficient in the art of subduing nāgas'.

According to the 15th-century historian, 'naga' here refers to elephants. However, interpreted Naga as the name of a tribe, and theorized that Bhuvanaikamalla defeated this tribe. According to historian Dasharatha Sharma, Prithviraj assumed actual control of the administration in 1180 CE (1237 ). Conflicts with Hindu rulers [ ] Nagarjuna [ ] The first military achievement of Prithviraj was his suppression of a revolt by his cousin Nagarjuna, and recapture of Gudapura (IAST: Guḍapura; possibly modern ).

Nagarjuna was a son of Prithviraj's uncle, and the struggle for the Chahamana throne had led to a rivalry between the two branches of the family. According to Prithviraja Vijaya, Nagarjuna rebelled against Prithviraj's authority and occupied the fort of Gudapura.

Prithviraj besieged Gudapura with a large army comprising,, and. Nagarjuna fled the fort, but Devabhata (possibly his general) continued to offer resistance.

Ultimately, Prithviraj's army emerged victorious, and captured the wife, mother and followers of Nagarjuna. According to Prithviraja Vijaya, a garland made of the defeated soldiers' heads was hung across the Ajmer fort gate. Bhadanakas [ ] Two verses of Kharatara-Gachchha- mention the victory of Prithviraj over the Bhadanakas, while describing a debate between two. This victory can be dated to sometime before 1182 CE, when the said debate took place. According to Cynthia Talbot, the Bhadanakas were an obscure dynasty who controlled the area around. According to Dasharatha Sharma, the Bhadanaka territory comprised the area around present-day, and. Chandelas of Jejakabhukti [ ] The 1182–83 CE (1239 ) Madanpur inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign claim that he 'laid to waste' Jejakabhukti (present-day ), which was ruled by the king.

Prithviraj's invasion of the Chandela territory is also described in the later folk legends, such as Prithviraj Raso, Paramal Raso, and. Other texts such as Sarangadhara Paddhati and Prabandha Chintamani also mention Prithviraj's attack on Paramardi. The Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali mentions that Prithviraj had embarked upon a digvijaya (conquest of all the regions).

This appears to be a reference to the start of Prithviraj's march to Jejakabhukti. The legendary account of Prithviraj's campaign against the Chandelas goes like this: Prithviraj was returning to after marrying the daughter of Padamsen, when his contingent was attacked by the Turkic forces (). His army repulsed the attacks, but suffered serious casualties in the process. Amid this chaos, the Chahamana soldiers lost their way, and unknowingly encamped in the Chandela capital.

They killed the Chandela royal gardener for objecting to their presence, which led to a skirmish between the two sides. The Chandela king Paramardi asked his general to attack Prithviraj's camp, but Udal advised against this move. Paramardi's brother-in-law ruler of modern-day; Mahil Parihar (who harboured ill-will against Paramardi) instigated the king to go ahead with the attack. Prithviraj defeated Udal's contingent, and then left for Delhi. Subsequently, unhappy with Mahil's scheming, Udal and his brother left the Chandela court.

They started serving, the ruler of. Mahil then secretly informed Prithviraj that Chandela kingdom had become weak in absence of its strongest generals.

Prithviraj invaded the Chandela kingdom, and besieged Sirsagarh, which was held by Udal's cousin Malkhan. After failing to win over Malkhan through peaceful methods and losing eight generals, Prithviraj captured the fort. The Chandelas then appealed for a truce, and used this time to recall Alha and Udal from Kannauj. In support of the Chandelas, Jaichand dispatched an army led by his best generals, including two of his own sons. The combined Chandela-Gahadavala army attacked Prithviraj's camp, but was defeated. After his victory, Prithviraj sacked Mahoba. He then dispatched his general Chavand Rai to to capture Paramardi.

According to the various legends, Paramardi either died or retired shortly after the attack. Prithviraj returned to Delhi after appointing Pajjun Rai as the governor of Mahoba. Later, Paramardi's son recaptured Mahoba. The exact historicity of this legendary narrative is debatable.

The Madanpur inscriptions establish that Prithviraj sacked Mahoba, but historical evidence indicates that he did not occupy Mahoba or Kalinjar. It is known that Paramardi did not die or retire immediately after the Chauhan victory; in fact, he continued ruling as a sovereign nearly a decade after Prithviraj's death. It appears that Prithviraj only raided Jejakabhukti, and Paramardi regained control of his kingdom soon after his departure from Mahoba.

Prithviraj was not able to annex the Chandela territory to his kingdom. Chaulukyas of Gujarat [ ] The Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali mentions a peace treaty between Prithviraj, and, the (Solanki) king of. This implies that the two kings were previously at war. This war can be dated to sometime before 1187 CE (1244 ). The inscription states that Bhima's prime minister Jagaddeva Pratihara was 'the moon to the lotus-like queens of Prithviraja' (a reference to the belief that the moon-rise causes a day-blooming lotus to close its petals). Since Bhima was a minor at the time, it appears that Jagaddeva led the campaign on the Chaulukya side. The historically unreliable Prithviraj Raso provides some details about the Chahamana-Chaulukya struggle.

According to it, both Prithviraj and Bhima wanted to marry Ichchhini, the Paramara princess of Abu. Prithviraj's marriage to her led to a rivalry between the two kings. Dismissed this legend as fiction, because it states that Ichchhini was a daughter of Salakha, while Dharavarsha was the Paramara ruler of Abu at the time. Singh, on the other hand, believed that Salakha was the head of another Paramara branch at Abu. The Raso also mentions that Prithviraj's uncle Kanhadeva had killed seven sons of Bhima's uncle Sarangadeva. To avenge these murders, Bhima invaded the Chahamana kingdom and killed Prithviraj's father Someshvara, capturing in the process. Prithviraj re-captured Nagor, and defeated and killed Bhima.

This is known to be historically false, as the reign of Bhima II lasted nearly half a century after Prithviraj's death. Similarly, historical evidence suggests Bhima II was a child at the time of Someshvara's death, and therefore, could not have killed him.

Despite these discrepancies, there is some evidence of a battle between the Chahamanas and the Chaulukyas at Nagor. Two inscriptions found at Charlu village near commemorate the death of soldiers at the battle of Nagor in 1184 CE (1241 ).

The Mohils are a branch of the Chauhans (the Chahamanas), and it is possible the inscriptions refer to the battle described in Prithviraj Raso. Sometime before 1187 CE, Jagaddeva Pratihara signed a peace treaty with Prithviraj Chauhan. According to Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali, a chief named Abhayada once sought Jagaddeva's permission to attack and rob the wealthy visitors from Sapadalaksha country (the Chahamana territory). In response, Jagaddeva told Abhayada that he had concluded a treaty with Prithviraj with much difficulty.

Jaggadeva then threatened to have Abhayada sewn in a donkey's belly if he harassed the people of Sapadalaksha. Historian theorized that the Chahamana-Chaulukya conflict ended with some advantage for Prithviraj, as Jagaddeva appears to have been very anxious to preserve the treaty. Paramaras of Abu [ ] was ruled by the Chaulukya feudatory Dharavarsha, who belonged to a branch of the. Partha-Parakrama-Vyayoga by his younger brother Prahaladana describes Prithviraj's night attack on Abu.

This attack, according to the text, was a failure for the Chahamanas. It probably happened during the Gujarat campaign of Prithviraj. Gahadavalas of Kannauj [ ] The kingdom, centered around and headed by another powerful king, was located to the east of the Chahamana kingdom. According to a legend mentioned in Prithviraj Raso, Prithviraj eloped with Jayachandra's daughter, leading to a rivalry between the two kings. The legend goes like this: King Jaichand (Jayachandra) of Kannauj decided to conduct a ceremony to proclaim his supremacy. Prithviraj refused to participate in this ceremony, and thus, refused to acknowledge Jaichand as the supreme king.

Jaichand's daughter Samyogita fell in love with Prithviraj after hearing about his heroic exploits, and declared that she would marry only him. Jaichand arranged a (husband-selection) ceremony for his daughter, but did not invite Prithviraj. Nevertheless, Prithviraj marched to Kannauj with a hundred warriors and eloped with Samyogita. Two-third of his warriors sacrificed their life in fight against the Gahadavala army, allowing him to escape to Delhi with Samyogita. In Delhi, Prithviraj became infatuated with his new wife, and started spending most of his time with her. He started ignoring the state affairs, which ultimately led to his defeat against.

This legend is also mentioned in 's and Chandrashekhara's Surjana-Charita (which names the Gahadavala princess as 'Kantimati'). Prithviraja Vijaya mentions that Prithviraj fell in love with the incarnation of an, although he had never seen this woman and was already married to other women. According to historian, this is probably a reference to Samyogita. However, this legend is not mentioned in other historical sources such as Prithviraja-Prabandha, Prabandha-Chintamani, Prabandha-Kosha and Hammira-Mahakavya. The Gahadavala records are also silent about this event, including the supposed Rajasuya performance by Jayachandra. According to Dasharatha Sharma and R. Singh, there might be some historical truth in this legend, as it is mentioned in three different sources.

All three sources place the event sometime before Prithviraj's final confrontation with in 1192 CE. Other rulers [ ]. A statue at in Delhi The Prithviraj Raso mentions that Prithviraj defeated Nahar Rai of Mandovara and the chief Mudgala Rai, but these stories appear to be pure fiction. No historical records suggest existence of these persons. The construction of the now-ruined fort in is attributed to Prithviraj Chauhan. According to Prithviraj Raso, Delhi's ruler gave the city to his son-in-law Prithviraj, and was defeated when he wanted it back. This is historically inaccurate, as Delhi was annexed to the Chahamana territory by Prithviraj's uncle.

In addition, historical evidence suggests that Anangpal Tomar died before the birth of Prithviraj Chauhan. The claim about his daughter's marriage to Prithviraj appears to have been concocted at a later date. War with the Ghurids [ ]. Main article: Prithviraj's predecessors had faced multiple raids from the Muslim dynasties that had captured the north-western areas of the by the 12th century. By the late 12th century, the -based controlled the territory to the west of the Chahamana kingdom. While Prithviraj was still a child, in 1175 CE, the Ghurid ruler crossed the and captured. In 1178 CE, he invaded, which was ruled by the (Solankis).

During its march to Gujarat, the Ghurid army appears to have passed through the western frontier of the Chahamana kingdom, as evident by the destruction of several temples and sacking of the -ruled. The Prithviraja Vijaya mentions that the activities of the Ghurid army were like to the Chahamana kingdom (in Hindu mythology, Rahu swallows the Sun, causing a ). However, it does not mention any military engagement between the two kingdoms. On its way to Gujarat, the Ghurid army besieged the (Nadol) fort, which was controlled by the. Prithviraj's chief minister Kadambavasa advised him not to offer any assistance to the rivals of the Ghurids, and to stay away from this conflict.

The Chahamanas did not immediately face a Ghurid invasion, because the Chaulukyas of Gujarat defeated Muhammad at the in 1178 CE, forcing the Ghurids to retreat. Over the next few years, Muhammad of Ghor consolidated his power in the territory to the west of the Chahamanas, conquering,, and. He shifted his base from Ghazna to Punjab, and made attempts to expand his empire eastwards, which brought him into conflict with Prithviraj. Prithviraja Vijaya mentions that Muhammad of Ghor sent an ambassador to Prithviraj, but does not provide any details. 's Taj-ul-Maasir (13th century CE) states that Muhammad sent his chief judge Qiwam-ul Mulk Ruknud Din Hamza to Prithviraj's court. The envoy tried to convince Prithviraj to 'abandon belligerence and pursue the path of rectitude', but was unsuccessful. As a result, Muhammad decided to wage a war against Prithviraj.

The medieval Muslim writers mention only one or two battles between the two rulers. The and mention the two. Jami-ul-Hikaya and Taj-ul-Maasir mention only the second battle of Tarain, in which Prithviraj was defeated. However, the Hindu and Jain writers state that Prithviraj defeated Muhammad multiple times before being killed: • The Hammira Mahakavya claims that after defeating Muhammad for the first time, Prithviraj forced him to apologize to the princes whose territories he had ransacked, before letting him go.

Muhammad invaded the Chahamana kingdom seven more times, but was defeated each time. However, his ninth invasion succeeded. • The Prithviraja Prabandha states that the two kings fought 8 battles.

• The Prabandha Kosha claims that Prithviraj captured Muhammad 20 times, but was himself imprisoned during the 21st battle. The Surjana Charita and Prithviraj Raso also enumerate 21 battles. • The Prabandha Chintamani gives the number of battles as 23. While these accounts seem to exaggerate the number, it is possible that more than two engagements took place between the Ghurids and the Chahamanas during Prithviraj's reign.

The early victories mentioned by the Hindu and Jain writers probably refer to Prithviraj's successful repulsion of raids by Ghurid generals. First battle of Tarain [ ] During 1190–1191 CE, Muhammad of Ghor invaded the Chahamana territory, and captured Tabarhindah (identified with either or ). He placed it under the charge of Zia-ud-din, the of, supported by 1200 horsemen. When Prithviraj learned about this, marched towards Tabarhindah with his feudatories, including Govindaraja of.

According to the 16th century Muslim historian, his force comprised 200,000 horses and 3,000 elephants. Muhammad's original plan was to return to his base after conquering Tabarhindah, but when he heard about Prithviraj's march, he decided to put up a fight.

The Ugly Truth Salsa Song Mp3 Download. He set out with an army, and encountered Prithviraj's forces. In the ensuing battle, Prithviraj's army decisively defeated the Ghurids.

Muhammad of Ghor was injured and forced to retreat. Prithviraj did not pursue the retreating Ghurid army, not wanting to invade hostile territory or misjudge Ghori's ambition. He only besieged the Ghurid garrison at Tabarhindah, which surrendered after 13 months of siege.

Second battle of Tarain [ ]. A 19th century of the Second battle of Tarain Prithviraj seems to have treated the first battle of Tarain as merely a frontier fight. This view is strengthened by the fact that he made little preparations for any future clash with Muhammad of Ghor. According to, during the period preceding his final confrontation with the Ghurids, he neglected the affairs of the state and spent time in merry-making.

Meanwhile, Muhammad of Ghor returned to, and made preparations to avenge his defeat. According to, he gathered a well-equipped army of 120,000 select, and horsemen over the next few months. He then marched towards the Chahamana kingdom via and, aided by Vijayaraja of. Prithviraj had been left without any allies as a result of his wars against the neighbouring Hindu kings. Nevertheless, he managed to gather a large army to counter the Ghurids.

The 16th century Muslim historian estimated the strength of Prithviraj's army as 300,000 horses and 3,000 elephants, in addition to a large infantry. This is most likely a gross exaggeration, aimed at emphasizing the scale of the Ghurid victory. Prithviraj's camp, which comprised 150 feudatory chiefs, wrote a letter to Muhammad of Ghor, promising him no harm if he decided to return to his own country. Muhammad insisted that he needed time to confer his -based brother. According to Firishta, he agreed to a truce until he received an answer from his brother. However, he secretly planned an attack against the Chahamanas. According to, Muhammad assigned a few men to keep the fires in his camp burning at night, while he marched off in another direction with the rest of his army.

This gave the Chahamanas an impression that the Ghurid army was still encamped, observing the truce. After reaching several miles away, Muhammad formed four divisions, with 10,000 archers each. He kept the rest of his army in reserve. He ordered the four divisions to launch a surprise attack on the Chahamana camp, and then pretend a retreat. At dawn, the four divisions of the Ghurid army attacked the Chahamana camp, while Prithviraj was still asleep. After a brief fight, the Ghurid divisions pretended to retreat in accordance with Muhammad's strategy.

Prithviraj was thus lured into chasing them, and by the afternoon, the Chahamana army was exhausted as a result of this pursuit. At this point, Muhammad led his reserve force and attacked the Chahamanas, decisively defeating them. According to Taj-ul-Maasir, Prithviraj's camp lost 100,000 men (including Govindaraja of Delhi) in this debacle. Prithviraj himself tried to escape on a horse, but was pursued and caught near the Sarasvati fort (possibly modern ). Subsequently, Muhammad of Ghor captured Ajmer after killing several thousand defenders, enslaved many more, and destroyed the city's temples.

Coins of Prithviraj Chauhan Most medieval sources state that Prithviraj was taken to the Chahamana capital, where Muhammad planned to reinstate him as a Ghurid. Sometime later, Prithviraj rebelled against Muhammad, and was killed for treason. This is corroborated by numismatic evidence: some coins issued by Prithviraj from the Delhi mint feature his own name as well as the name of Muhammad on the reverse. After Prithviraj's death, Muhammad installed the Chahamana prince on the throne of Ajmer, which further supports this theory. The various sources differ on the exact circumstances: • The contemporary Muslim historian Hasan Nizami states that Prithviraj was caught conspiring against Muhammad, prompting the Ghurid king to order his beheading.

Nizami does not describe the nature of this conspiracy. • According to Prabandha-Chintamani by the 14th century Jain scholar Merutunga, Muhammad was enraged when he saw paintings depicting Muslims being killed by pigs in the Chahamana gallery. He then abandoned his plan to let Prithviraj live as a vassal, and ordered his beheading.

• Prithviraja-Prabandha (dated 15th century or earlier) states that after capturing Ajmer, Muhammad occupied Prithviraj's court. He housed Prithviraj in a building facing this court. One day, Prithviraj asked his minister Pratapasimha for his bow-and-arrows to kill Muhammad. The treacherous minister supplied him the bow-and-arrows, but secretly informed Muhammad of his plan. As a result, Muhammad did not sit at his usual place, and instead kept a statue there.

Prithviraj fired an arrow at the statue, mistaking it for Muhammad. As a punishment, Muhammad had him cast into a pit and to death. • states that Prithviraj refused to eat food after being captured. The noblemen of the Ghurid king suggested that he release Prithviraj, just like the Chahamana king had done to him in the past.

But Muhammad igored their advice, and Prithviraj died in captivity. The 13th-century Persian historian states that Prithviraj was 'sent to hell' after being captured. The 16th-century historian also supports this account. According to historian, Minhaj's account suggests that Prithviraj was executed immediately after his defeat, but R.

Singh believes that no such conclusion can be drawn from Minhaj's writings. Viruddha-Vidhi Vidhvansa by the Hindu writer Lakshmidhara claims that Prithviraj was killed on the battlefield. The Prithviraj Raso claims that Prithviraj was taken to Ghazna as a prisoner, and blinded. On hearing this, the poet traveled to Ghazna and tricked Muhammad of Ghor into watching an archery performance by the blind Prithviraj. During this performance, Prithviraj shot the arrow in the direction of Muhammad's voice and killed him.

Shortly after, Prithviraj and Chand Bardai killed each other. This is a fictional narrative, not supported by historical evidence: Muhammad of Ghor continued to rule for more than a decade after Prithviraj's death. After Prithviraj's death, the Ghurids appointed his son Govindaraja on the throne of Ajmer as their vassal. In 1192 CE, Prithviraj's younger brother dethroned Govindaraja, and recaptured a part of his ancestral kingdom. Govindaraja moved to Ranastambhapura (modern ), where he established a of vassal rulers.

Hariraja was later defeated by the Ghurid general. Cultural activities [ ] Prithviraj had a dedicated ministry for (scholars) and poets, which was under the charge of Padmanabha. His court had a number of poets and scholars, including: • Jayanaka, a poet-historian who wrote • Vidyapati Gauda • Vagisvara Janardana • Vishvarupa, a poet • Prithvibhata, a royal bard (identified as by some scholars) Kharatara-Gachchha-Pattavali mentions a debate that took place between the monks Jinapati Suri and Padmaprabha at Naranayana (modern Narena near Ajmer). Prithviraj had encamped there at the time.

Jinapati was later invited to Ajmer by a rich Jain merchant. There, Prithviraj issued him a jaya-patra (certificate of victory). Legacy [ ] Inscriptions [ ]. Find-spots of inscriptions from Prithviraj's reign, in present-day India According to historian R. Singh, at its height, Prithviraj's empire extended from in the west to the in the east, and from the in the north to the foot of Mount Abu in the south. Thus, it included parts of present-day, southern, northern, and western. Only seven inscriptions dated to Prithviraj's reign are available; none of these were issued by the king himself: • Barla or Badla inscription, 1177 CE (1234 ) • inscription, 1179 CE (1236 VS): records the grants made by Prithviraj's vassal Ranaka Katiya.

• Madanpur inscriptions of 1182 CE (1239 VS) • Inscription 1: Mentions that Prithviraj invaded the territory of the Chandela ruler Paramardi • Inscription 2: Names Prithviraj's father (Someshvara) and grandfather (Arnoraja), and states that he plundered (the Chandela territory) • Inscription 3: Contains names of (Tryambaka, Chandrashekhara, and Tripuranta). • Victoria Hall Museum inscription, 1187 CE (1244 VS) • (Bisalpur near Tonk) inscription, 1187 CE (1244 VS) In popular culture [ ]. The cover of a Prithviraj Raso version published by the After his death, Prithviraj came to be portrayed as a patriotic Hindu warrior who fought against Muslim enemies. He is remembered as a king whose reign separated the two major epochs of Indian history. His dynasty was classified as one of the clans in the later period, although the 'Rajput' identity did not exist during his time. The 16th century legends describe him as the ruler of India's political centre (rather than, which was his actual capital). For example, 's does not associate the Chahamana dynasty with Ajmer at all.

Prithviraj's association with Delhi in these legends further strengthened his status as a symbol of pre-Islamic Indian power. Prithviraj has been described as 'the last Hindu emperor' in eulogies. This designation is inaccurate, as several stronger Hindu rulers flourished in after him, and even some contemporary Hindu rulers in northern India were at least as powerful as him. Nevertheless, the 19th century British officer repeatedly used this term to describe Prithviraj Chauhan in his Annals and Antiquities of Rajas'han.

Tod was influenced by the medieval Muslim accounts, which present Prithviraj as a major ruler and portray his defeat as a major milestone in the. After Tod, several narratives continued to describe Prithviraj as 'the last Hindu emperor'. Memorials dedicated to Prithviraj Chauhan have been constructed in Ajmer and Delhi.

A number of movies and television serials have been made on his life. These include the movie Samrat Prithviraj Chauhan and the Hindi television serial (2006–2009). The animated movie Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan (2008) was released in English, Hindi, and languages. He was also one of the first historical figures to be covered in (No.

Many of these modern retellings depict Prithviraj as a flawless hero, and emphasize a message of Hindu national unity. References [ ]. •, pp. 120–25. •, pp. 124–26. •, pp. Download Patch Fifa 2009 Liga 1 Transferuri 2012 Olympic Medals.  76–77.

•, pp. 172–73. •, pp. 78–79. • ^, pp. 13–20. •, pp. 33–34. •, pp. 40–42. • ^, pp. 80–81.

•, pp. 183–84. •, pp. 186–88. •, pp. 82–84. •, pp. 208–09. •, pp. 87–88.

• Prithviraj, a valorous hero par excellence, has been depicted in the lofty style which has been a source of inspiration to and influence on the North-Indian people. Krishnadatt Paliwal (1988) 'Epic (Hindi)' In Datta, Amaresh (1988) The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature: Volume Two: Devraj to Jyoti, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, India,, • Kaviraj Syamaldas (1886) 'The Antiquity, Authenticity and Genuineness of the epic called the Prithviraj Rasa and commonly ascribed to Chand Bardai' Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, vol. 55, pt.1, •, pp. 100–01. •, pp. 43–44.

Bibliography [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to.